The European Parliament has published a new study ‘The new Silk Route – opportunities and challenges for EU transport. The study looks at the opportunities and challenges that the Chinese “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) Initiative brings to the European transport system. “One Belt, One Road” refers to the combination of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” (six major land corridors across the Eurasian continent) and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” (a network of maritime trade routes connecting Asia with Africa and Europe). This study refers to the Initiative as the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI), which is the name more recently used by Chinese governmental sources.